“Mob Scene” Commentary Essay

During the mob scene in To Kill A Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses juxtaposition of light and dark imagery to convey the contrast that exists between good and evil. Through this comparison, the suspenseful and tense mood is portrayed strongly to the reader. Throughout the scene, dark shadows are vividly associated with the theme of evil, and the mob. The first evidence that clearly builds suspense about the mob is â€Å"shadows became substance as lights revealed solid shapes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (202). This quote server to keep the readers mind thinking about how the mob might actually look. Since Harper Lee leaves a neutral expression on the mobs faces, the reader can make their own interpretation on the mobs facial expression, and how they look. Solid shapes may also be a sign of evil or harmful beings since there are not any physical features associated to the body. By saying the bodies were dark solid shapes, a suspenseful mood is made and portrayed to the reader. As the tense mood arises throughout the mob scene, Scout, Jem and Dill decide to go help out Atticus. â€Å"I pushed myself through dark smelly bodies and burst into the circle of light.† (203). In this part of the scene, innocent Scout pushes her way through the dark mob, finding herself in a circle of light with Atticus. The dark mob, and the circle of light in which Atticus sits, makes a very distinct barrier of good and evil. Atticus being the â€Å"good guy† sits and guards his defendant Tom Robinson in the circle of light while the dark smelly bodies of the mob plan to murder them both. Having both sides with different opinions, intentions and colour description, portrays the tense mood. The final evidence from the mob scene that displays a contrast of good and evil is when Atticus, Scout, Jem and Dill leave the dangerous mob. â€Å"As they passed under a streetlight, Atticus reached out and massaged Jem’s hair, his one gesture of affection.† (207) This quote shows a reappearing sign of hope and goodness. Even though Atticus demanded Jem and the others to go back home (for their own good), without being successful, Atticus still loves his boy and cares for him. Harper Lee purposefully shows Atticus’s sign of  kindness to demonstrate that light is a symbol of kindheartedness and morality. In conclusion, Harper Lee creates a moment of tension and suspense in To Kill A Mockingbird during the mob scene through the juxtaposition of the ominous threat of the dark elements upon the light.

Homework Overload or Vital Material?

Why is homework necessary? Why is it so important? Is it really a vital, mandatory, and daily essential assignment that affects a school life? Many have a different opinion on the amount of homework given. Most of these thoughts and feelings come from teachers, parents, and of course students. Teachers at school presume that homework is one of the most important materials in education. They feel it helps students learn. For example, one way it assists learning is by acting as a study guide for important tests. Another way it’s of use is by reviewing lessons. Homework is not only for the future but also a review from the past. But is it really necessary with the amount given? Parents believe that teachers should limit homework because it causes stress. More kids dread doing their assignments and this effects their learning and stress stamina. Most of these students probably stuffer from homework overloading their life. This means that homework drains away sprits and academic achievements because of the amount given. Students feelings towards homework are quite diverse and neutral. Some kids say that homework isn’t necessary and it’s just stress on paper, but others disagree and think it’s important and helps them get their grades up. Some think homework’s purpose is to reinforce learning and extend learning outside the classroom. But others think they don’t need that extra help that homework is there for. Some students feel that homework confuses the brain after a long day of school and learning other things as well. Homework may be important but also may be just busywork. You can learn from homework but also learn nothing at all. The argument of homework continues with the opinions of teachers, parents, and students. I think we just need to limit the amount we get and make sure we’re not overloading ourselves with assignments. Is homework really essential? Should it be stopped?

Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities

Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities are important undesirable side effect of our immune system. These problems occur in people who have a specific allergic tendency. Anyone suffering from allergy can take comfort that there are over 50 million fellow American sufferers of this problem. Roughly one in 6 American is afflicted with allergic problem. Fortunately, in very few people allergic condition can become life threatening.In most allergy sufferers problems due to allergy appear to be trivial such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, sinus problem, rash and skin complaints but these otherwise minor problems can make the allergy sufferers lives quite miserable. Our immune system, essential for defending our bodies against foreign organisms, produces antibodies and activated white cells to attack invaders like viruses and bacteria. Occasionally, the immune response results in an inappropriate or exaggerated reaction called hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity is classi fied into four types; Types I, II, III and IV.Types I to Type III hypersensitivities are antibody-mediated while Type IV is a cell mediated hypersensitivity. Type II & III are Immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediated while Type I sensitivity is Immunoglobulin E mediated. The term ‘Allergy’ is confined to IgE mediated reactions or Type I hypersensitivity [Levinson, 2004] . Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is our body’s host defense system against certain parasites such as worms. In developed countries, where parasitic infection is uncommon, most people have no or very low level of IgE.An allergic reaction or allergy occurs when our body’s immune system mistakenly considers a harmless substance, called ‘allergen’ as dangerous and starts producing IgE to trigger an allergic reaction [Levinson, 2004]. Types of Allergies Allergic Rhinitis: This type of allergy causes swelling of nasal mucosa with respiratory discomforts like sneezing and runny nose by inhaling allerg ens such as pollen, molds, dust, dander and other allergens. Allergic Conjunctivitis: The allergic reaction affects the eyes, redness and itching are the signs of this allergy. Bronchoconstriction:Wheezing and shortness of breath caused by narrowing of bronchial cavities. Asthma is a serious type of bronchoconstriction. This type of allergy is also caused dust, pollen, mites, and other allergens. Ear Allergies: The allergens affect ear passages causing pain and impairing hearing. Skin Allergies: Itchy rashes, blisters, hives, and contact dermatitis caused by touching certain substances such a poison ivy or food items are manifestation of this type of allergy. In allergies where swelling occurs as a result of hives, swelling can cause breathing and swallowing difficulties. Food Allergies:Certain kind of foods, such as fish egg, nuts and milk can cause intestinal upsets due to allergic reactions. Time Delayed Allergies: An allergic response appearing hours or days after application or absorption of an allergen; including contact dermatitis and bacterial allergy [Allergies, 2006] Anaphylaxis: This is the most severe systemic allergic reaction causing bronchoconstriction, swelling of body tissues, vomiting, cramps, skin reactions and drop in blood pressure, coma and even death [Guyton & Hall, 2006]. Allergy can also be classified on the basis of its effect and allergen as:? Respiratory Allergies ? Skin Allergies ? Food Allergies ? Asthma ? Drug Allergies ? Sting Allergies Causes & Risk Factors Problems with normal immune responses are believed to be the result of both genetic and environmental factors. Children of allergic parents are more likely to have similar allergies though the allergens may differ. [Allergies, 2006] Genetic research is leading scientists to believe that skin and tissue specific genes may be responsible for causing allergy symptoms [NIH, 2000]. Stress and anxiety are acknowledged a common cause of allergic reaction.[Lenzoff, 1997] subjected p atients suspected of multiple chemical sensitivities concluded that in some sufferers allergy symptoms might be triggered by their perception of an environmental insult. Increasing use of chemicals has resulted in introduction of new toxins into the atmosphere. The increase in number of allergy cases during the last decades is often attributed to atmospheric pollution [Bornehag et al, 2004]. Better identification of problem as allergy and not other minor condition such as cold is perhaps also responsible for increased numbers. Allergy or ColdA number of symptoms of common cold are also the symptoms of allergy. It is not unusual to mistake one for the other. The major difference between the cold and flu are [Allergy, 2006b]: – Both cold and allergy show the common symptoms of allergy but the cold is also accompanied by fever and pain. – Allergy begins immediately after exposure to the allergen while cold takes a day or more to develop to full strength. – Cold is a self terminating diseases and the symptoms disappear in 3 to 7 days while allergies continue till the person remains exposed to the allergen AllergensThe body’s immune system has the capability to attack a foreign organism. If it identifies a substance such as pollen as foreign, even mistakenly, the defense mechanism comes into action and IgE is produced to fight off that particular substance. Thus, there will be separate IgE for pollen and for dust allergies. There are many allergens as any person could be allergic to a common substance, which is not an allergen to others, but the common allergens include pollen and fungus from weeds, grasses. Trees and outdoor mold, dog and cat dander, dust particles, noxious vapors and smog, foods such as fish, eggs, nuts and insect bites.Signs & Symptoms In addition to the usual sneezing, runny nose, rashes allergy and red or itchy eyes symptoms include atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, headache, earache, hives, coughing, sinusitis , and other discussed above. Medical Tests & Diagnosis Methods/Tools The diagnostic tests for Allergy include: †¢ Skin Prick Test (SPT) †¢ Total IgE Test †¢ Range of Specific IgE Test †¢ Phadiatop Assay †¢ Specific IgE Pediatric Food Mix fx5 Skin Prick Test: Skin prick test is a common and simple method of diagnosing allergy.In this test small amount of suspected allergens are injected either intra-dermally or into the scratching made in the patient’s skin. Patient allergic to any of the allergen shows a visible inflammation after half an hour. Skin Prick Test (SPT) only responds to allergens used in the test. In cases where patient is allergic to any other allergen, this test will not show. Some patients with delayed type hypersensitivity may be adversely affected by the test. Total IgE Test: Patient serum IgE test is another method used for determining Type I hypersensitivity.The test provides useful indication for allergy. This test however is not considered conclusive. The test measures total IgE value and is said to be only to report existence of allergy 60% of the time [Labspec, 2006]. The extent of symptoms and type of allergy has an effect on the result. Severe skin allergy shows a higher IgE value than rhinitis or conjunctivitis. [Labspec, 2006] also point out that Standard IgE values appear to vary with ethnicity of the patient. Range of Specific IgE Test: Some diagnostic suppliers are manufacturing specific IgE test for allergens.Specific tests for over 400 allergens are available. Some of these specific tests have been approved for routine tests, other are awaiting approval. [Labspec, 2006] Phadiatop Assay: Instead of testing total IgE or specific test for a single allergen, this test tests serum for a wide range of inhalant allergens. The test is said to be 95% reliable and can be used to exclude allergens included in Phadiatop assay. Specific IgE Pediatric Food Mix fx5 His test is similar to Phadiatop Assay, but in stead of inhalant allergens, ingestant allergens are tested.This test is still in approval stages for general laboratory use. Treatment Options Many people with mild allergies avoid seeking medical help, but it is important to know that allergies if left untreated can develop into serious health problems like infections in sinuses, throat and ears, chronic respiratory problems, skin problems such as eczema. The treatment Options for allergies include: †¢ Avoid allergen environment and/or food †¢ Over the counter medication (histamines) †¢ Prescription drugs & nasal drops, †¢ Allergy shots †¢ Allergy Drops †¢ Immunotherapy †¢ Alternate TherapiesOnce a person knows the substance that causes allergy, the best treatment is to avoid that substance. However avoiding allergen is not always possible as it is not possible to breathe. Food allergens can be easily avoided [When Should I Get Medical Treatment for Allergy, 2006] . In a very large number of case s of mild allergy over the counter medication is all one needs to relieve the symptoms. It is important to consult a doctor for over the counter medicine too, as some of these medicines if used excessively can cause serious side effects. Most of the histamines cause drowsiness.Antihistamines and decongestants relieve the symptoms of most allergy sufferers. Again, a physician’s advice should be sought. Many new antihistamines relieve the symptoms of allergy without causing drowsiness. In sinus congestion, nasal sprays available on prescription provide quick relief from symptoms of allergy. Allergy shots prevent the allergen from being recognized as a foreign body. This treatment is becoming very popular. Sublingual drops also known as sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) is an alternate to allergy shots and has the same principle of desensitization.Oral application of SLIT is also considered convenient by the patients. Those interested in alternative medicine often recommend severa l alternate therapies. Dietary supplements are said to increase health of immune system and prevent allergies. The other alternative medicines are beyond the scope of this paper. [Allergies, 2006a] provides several references to alternative treatment websites. Anaphylaxis must be considered a medical emergency and immediate medical help must be sought as it can cause low blood pressure, hyper-constriction, coma and even death.Prevention Methods The best prevention is to avoid the allergen responsible for causing the allergy. Cross the counter medicine approved by a patients physician may also be used before coming into contact with allergens. In view of the number of sufferers, various equipments such as vacuum cleaners, humidifiers, beddings and air purifiers are available in the market to control domestic allergens. A physician may be able to advice about prevention methods about other specific allergies. Bibliography 1.Allergies, (2006a), Alternative Allergy Treatment Options, [O nline], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://allergies. about. com/od/alternatives/Alternative_Allergy_Treatment_Options. htm 2. Allergies, (2006b), [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. med-help. net/Allergies. html 3. Allergy, (2006), What is Allergy, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. setel. com/~allergy/Products/allergy 4. Bornehag C, Sundell J, Weschler C, Sigsgaard T, Lundgren B, Hasselgren M, Hagerhed-Engman L (2004).â€Å"The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study. † Environ Health Perspective 112 (14): 1393-7. 5. Guyton, AC, and Hall, JE, (2006), Textbook of Medical Physiology-11th Edition, Published by Elsevier, Pa. , ISBN 13-81-8147-920-3 6. LabSpec, Allergy Diagnostic Tests, (2006) [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. labspec. co. za/diag. htm 7. Levinson, W. , (2004), Medical Microbio logy & Immunology, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-143199-3 8. Leznoff. A., (1999), Provocative challenges in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity, J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997 Apr; 99 (4):438-42 9. NIH- National Institute of Health/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), (2000), International Team Accelerates Investigation of Immune-Related Genes, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www3. niaid. nih. gov/news/newsreleases/2000/ihwg. htm 10. When Should I Get Medical Treatment for Allergies? , (2006) [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://health. howstuffworks. com/allergy-treatments-ga1. htm

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Reading Response - Essay Example In this film, director Lourdes Portillo shows various testimonies from the victims’ families, which, if only used properly, can help catch the real criminal/criminals. The film also indicates a possible collusion between the police and the criminals, where it is highly probable that some of the police are rapists too, since they have not duly resolved this long-standing investigation. Unfortunately, the local and central government are blind and deaf to the pleas of families, friends, and supporters of the deceased. To make matters worse, the cosmetics industry, through MAC and its collaboration with Rodarte, shows either apathy or absurdity in creating a cosmetics line called â€Å"Juarez.† Julianne Hing reports how consumers negatively reacted to the line. I appreciate that beauty and fashion bloggers made an outcry against this tasteless beauty line. These works underscore how insane these killings are because they reveal the ugliness of gender and social class codes and the ugliness of beauty brands. These works are connected to the social construction of gender, specifically, the visibility and invisibility of gender. Judith Lorber, in â€Å"Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender,† talks about how society creates and reinforces gender through different social, economic, political, and legal structures. Lorber stresses that â€Å"the most powerful means of sustaining the moral hegemony of the dominant gender ideology of the dominant gender ideology is that the process is made invisible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (58). My analysis is that gender makes femininity and masculinity visible and then makes it invisible through making society accept gender beliefs and attitudes. In the case of disappearing and raped women in Juarez, their gender and social class are the main reasons that they are invisible to their government. Nieves argues for the connection between gender and lack of

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development Research Paper - 4

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development - Research Paper Example t can be stated that in the year 2004, the approximated amount of gross domestic sports product in the United States was $213 billion (Walker and Enz, 2012, p. 149). The commercialization is rapid, income generation is solid but one contrary argument is that whether this revenue generation is equally distributed and leads to the national development of a nation in true sense of term as viewed from welfare dimension. Thesis: Interdependence between economic activities and sports have contributed to the rise in the values of various economic parameters and thus sports imparts a positive economic value to national development. Sports acts as an aggravator of employment opportunities. The fact that sports provides employment opportunities will be backed by evidences with respect to a mega sporting event in the United States of America and that is American Hockey League (AHL). Even a minor hockey team in Springfield, Massachusetts which is the home to the Springfield Falcons team imparts a positive impact on employment dynamics. Publicity perk is an intangible element which stirs up employment generation with this sport. A team participating in the AHL with 26 other teams certainly enjoys the brand value as well recognition in the surrounding market places. The local media like newspapers, tabloids, sports magazines and advertisement fronts like league standings, banners, and advertising literature and so on vehemently markets the aura of this mega event. The Springfield Falcons have around ten full time employees and during the league matches it hire additional twenty five part time employees for around fo rty home games on an annual basis. The Mutual Mass Center where the home games are usually played around 130 part time employees are hired for game nights. These part time employees are absorbed as â€Å"ice crews, ushers, ticket takers, concession takers, concession workers, scoreboard operators, camera operators, firefighters, police officers, and security

Paintings by Georges-Pierre Seurat and Vincent Van Gogh Essay - 1

Paintings by Georges-Pierre Seurat and Vincent Van Gogh - Essay Example The essay "Paintings by Georges-Pierre Seurat and Vincent Van Gogh" analyzes The Starry Night’s intricate details while comparing it to the ‘Grandcamp, Evening’ painting by Georges-Pierre Seurat. Looking at the ‘The Starry Night’, one gets a feel of boldness in the painting. There is the use of dark shades of color to bring out a general feel of the painting. There is also the use of lines of different shapes and lengths. The clouds seem to be in motion as they are drawn in a continuous circular motion, while the stars and moon have unusual light around them. The focal point is a flame resemblance of a cypress tree that is a contrast from the village below. Vincent drew this piece while in bad mental shape and was in an asylum at the time. Some critics say that the scenery from his window could have afforded him the general idea with the rest of the features borrowed from memory. This is especially true with the illustration of the church spike that i ndicates Netherlands as his home land. There has been analysis of this painting showing that all the objects in the picture stand for various meanings. This is an iconography of Vincent’s world at the time. On the other hand, George’s work of art in ‘Grandcamp, Evening seems to give a different atmosphere. Here, the painter has incorporated various hues of color to create a sense of calm and isolation. The landscape in the background has been developed by the use of short strokes of lines to indicate a town in the far horizon, a grim sky.

The Brain All You AreIs Here Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Brain All You AreIs Here - Essay Example Through the use of fMRI, which is a non-invasive scan as compared to the X-ray, brain tumors are detected. It can also detect brain activities such as blood flow which is helpful recognizing brain activity according to the article. The article also suggests that the prefrontal cortex contains the sense of â€Å"self† in the young child. But as people mature, this â€Å"self† maybe located in different regions of the brain especially when higher order thinking skills are involved. Synapses also play a crucial role in brain development since they are points of contact during the exchanges of neurons firing to one another. These synapses grow or develop inside the brain of a fetus. Long-term memories are believed to be stored in the hippocampus ( part of limbic system) which is not yet fully developed on a child. Likewise, the amygdala can also hold â€Å"highly emotional memories† ( The Mind,p.12). Interestingly a research made by the NIMH in Maryland reveals that is during puberty period that the brain experiences another round of growth. The basic functions as well as sensory processing usually develops first in the extreme back and front portions of the brain. Next to develop in the parietal lobes of the brain are language functions and spatial orientation. This is also the reason why curriculum in the educational system is attuned to the level of development of the brain. Students in lower levels cannot process higher thinking activities unless their brain is developed. Last to develop is the prefrontal cortex where most decision making are processed. This meant weighing alternatives , making short term plans or even checking one’s self on e thical conduct is involved. Indeed, such complex mental functions can only be given to mature individuals. This just attests to the fact that people’s brain gradually develop and mature through adulthood. Aside from experiencing development, certain

Project Management (budget part) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management (budget part) - Essay Example The research seeks to address how a restaurant can install tabs as a strategy of serving customers and at the same time, improve the output per person and profitability. Cost analysis will help us generate the current position of the business’ funds and the effect that will result when the project is in progress. Essentially, information on the strengths of the undertaking, weakness as a result of internal systems, and benefits of the final implemented program will provide the most reliable information in project management. Usually, management considers the payback period in which the business enterprise will recover the amount invested in the project. In the current cost analysis, we include the balance sheet of the restaurant so as to establish the current finances available in the business. The values one incorporates in a balance sheet are derived are the various balances on the trial balance. The values reflect the balances of various assets and liabilities. The balance sheet shows that the financial position of the restaurant is at a plausible position. The average value of the current assets for the four consecutive years is at $ 46, 000. However, in this analysis, fixed assets will not facilitate the decision of either to implement or discard the project. The reason is because fixed assets are none trading but only assist the management to evaluate the degree of insolvency. The data below represents the balance sheet of current funds available before the business implements the project. The income and expense analysis shows the budget that the business has met in a period of one year before implementation of the project. The data in the statement shows that in the previous years, the restaurant’s sales were $ 190 000, $ 260 000, $ 355 000, and $ 482 000. More so, the average gross profit for the restaurant was $ 226 000. In evaluating the expenses, their value is below that of the revenues hence

A Race for Intelligence Gains through Aerial Reconnaissance Term Paper

A Race for Intelligence Gains through Aerial Reconnaissance - Term Paper Example One of the most striking features of the Mosquito bombers as reconnaissance vessels was its reliable speed in aerial space. Technical features range to incredible numbers such as with the Mosquito PR Mk 34 and PR Mk 34A. These units had addition fuel carried in a bulged bomb-bay - 1,192 gallons which was the equivalent of 5,419 miles. A further two 200 gallon drop tanks under the outer wings gave a range of 3,600 miles cruising at 300 mph. Powered by two 1,690 hp Merlin 114s first used in earlier Mosquito units. A total of 181 were built, including 50 built by the Percival Aircraft Company (Bowman 165).As what had been explained above, both Spitfire fighters and the Mosquito bombers were the most versatile aerial vessels of the British Royal Air Force. Both were proven exceptional when it came to dogfights and bomb raids respectfully. They were efficient in aerial defenses that kept enemy aerial raids at bay. Both units were also useful in assault missions where escort Spitfires prov ided cover for raiding Mosquito bombers above enemy territory. More importantly, espionage missions were the key factors which created the Spitfire and the Mosquito a treasure to the British Royal Air Force. The speed and efficiency both the mentioned fighter and bomber units possessed were the primary aspects which catapulted the Spitfire and the Mosquito into heavy reconnaissance tasks. Flexibility to adopt with the environment and the maneuverability of the mentioned units were beneficial for low, medium and high altitude spying.  Ã‚  ... Technical features range to incredible numbers such as with the Mosquito PR Mk 34 and PR Mk 34A. These units had addition fuel carried in a bulged bomb-bay - 1,192 gallons which was the equivalent of 5,419 miles. A further two 200 gallon drop tanks under the outer wings gave a range of 3,600 miles cruising at 300 mph. Powered by two 1,690 hp Merlin 114s first used in earlier Mosquito units. A total of 181 were built, including 50 built by the Percival Aircraft Company (Bowman 165). As what had been explained above, both Spitfire fighters and the Mosquito bombers were the most versatile aerial vessels of the British Royal Air Force. Both were proven exceptional when it came to dogfights and bomb raids respectfully. They were efficient in aerial defenses that kept enemy aerial raids at bay. Both units were also useful in assault missions where escort Spitfires provided cover for raiding Mosquito bombers above enemy territory. More importantly, espionage missions were the key factors wh ich created the Spitfire and the Mosquito a treasure to the British Royal Air Force. The speed and efficiency both the mentioned fighter and bomber units possessed were the primary aspects which catapulted the Spitfire and the Mosquito into heavy reconnaissance tasks. Flexibility to adopt with the environment and the maneuverability of the mentioned units were beneficial for low, medium and high altitude spying. On the opposite end of the spectrum, the Luftwaffe provided the Germans with unique espionage units. At the onset of the war, ordinary German passenger planes were used as the primary aerial vessels for the campaign of enemy espionage. These were indeed decisive actions taken by the German intelligence because they risked innocent civilian

Twenty20 and World Cup Essay Example for Free

Twenty20 and World Cup Essay Essay on furious version of t20 cricket match in India | Essay www.publishyourarticles.net//essay/essay-on-furious-version-of-t20-cri? Cricket is game internationally recognized as an instrument for the establishment of world peace. Teams from far and remote corners of the world  visit the Cricket Twenty20: Latest News on Cricket Twenty20 Outlook www.outlookindia.com/taghome.aspx?tag=101881%20Twenty20? See Cricket Twenty20 Latest News, Latest updates Photos of Cricket Twenty20 on Outlook India. T20 World Cup: India tripped, fell, never got up. Why? Is the IPL hurting the chances of fit players defending India in the www.civilserviceindia.com †º Subject?

Difference in Leadership Styles with First Born Children

Difference in Leadership Styles with First Born Children These children would want to achieve a lot. They set high standards and they are perfectionists. It is also stated that they focus on achieving the goals in the educational and occupational settings. The transformational leaders are always driven to achieve the goals set. They are also concerned with helping others solve their problems. They are motivated. They have a vision and they try had to achieve it. They encourage others to achieve and fulfil the goals of the organization. The first born children tend to be hard working. They possess authoritarian characteristics. They want to fulfil the expectations of the family. They are responsible. They are set to achieve their goal. They conform to the rules as they need to fulfil the expectations by the parent. Since they act in the same way their parents they tend to inspire others. They have qualities of others as they have grown up with the parents around and tend to pick those up. Hence, based on the above descriptions it was deduce d that the only children and first born tend to have most often the same characteristics. Many researchers have concluded that only-children and first-borns, regardless of gender, appear to be academic achievers as compared to later born children (Coleston, 2008). Thus, the hypothesis that â€Å"There will be no significant difference between Only children and First born on Transformational Leadership style† was formulated. Transactional Leadership Style Transactional leadership style mainly focuses this attention on the role and task and how this is related to the performance. The transactional leadership theory states emphasize on the relationships that are formed between the leader and follower on account of various exchanges (Burns, 1978 cited in Wheatley, 2010). In 1978, according to Hollander he theorised this leadership as to have various dynamic process. These were mainly in relation with the leader and follower and the interpersonal interactions among the two. These leaders were responsible to give clear instructions. They would reciprocate with the follower and respond to them appropriately. This in turn increased the leader’s influence on them (Hollander, 1978 cited in Wheatley, 2010). These leaders rewarded and gave the followers acknowledgement when the expectations or the goals were met. These leaders mainly negotiate and their roles and responsibilities and there is mutual respect and influence. According to Hei fetz in 1994, these leaders influence their followers and they are also under the followers as it is a reciprocal relationship. According to Burns 2003, leaders who are involved in both the simple and complex situations and they try to achieve the organizational goals (Wheatley, 2010). Only children never lack companionships. From an early age they are used to playing alone with their toys and not forming relationships much. Their job satisfaction most often depends on their urge to attain perfection. An only child will find a setting where they can work alone rather than in a team (Leman, 2009 cited in Murphy, 2012). The first born children are well organized. They feel they must be perfect in everything that they do. They stick to authority and they follow the rules (Kalkan, 2008 cited in Murphy 2012). First borns are seen as highly motivated and most often take charge of the things. First born children generally hold the dominant role over the younger siblings in the family (Tucker and Updegraff, 2010 cited in Murphy, 2012). They often fill high positions of authority in their professions. They set high goals for themselves and they generally would do anything to achieve the goals that they have set (Leman, 2009 cited in Murphy, 2012). According to the above literature review it has been seen that only children prefer working on their own rather in a team and also try to seek perfection. The transactional leaders share a relationship with their followers and clearly explain the roles. The first borns try hard to seek perfection. They are very motivated and do anything to achieve their goals. Hence, the hypothesis stating that â€Å"There will be no significant difference between Only children and First born on Transactional Leadership style† was formulated. Laissez faire leadership style These leaders generally cause confusion as they are in leadership positions but they are not working or associated with any kind of responsibility. They are inactive. (Bass, 1990 cited in Hartog et al 1997) reported negative correlations on laissez-faire leadership and this in turn results in the performance, effort and attitudes. This is the most inappropriate way to lead someone. There is not enough motivation given by them. A leadership theory by Kerr and Jermier proposed that subordinate, task, and, organization are the main characteristics. When there is no leader role the subordinates could be empowered to do work and thus this can result in transformational leadership (Hartog et al 1997). Only children are higher on taking initiative and personal aspiration. They are highly motivated. They focus on educational or occupational achievement more often. These children have stronger individual identities (Mellor, 1989 cited in Collins, 2006).The first born children are often seen as powerful and influential (Murphy, 2012). They operate as being responsible for their family members and in return about the productiveness of them. When they feel that the productivity has not been attained they feel that they were not good enough for the job (Hoopes Harper, 1987 Cited in Klas, 2002). According to the above literature review it can be seen how only children are seen are very motivating and focused. The laissez faire leadership style is one where there is no leadership role taken and they are irresponsible. The first born children are seen as powerful and taking initiative to complete a task. Hence, the hypothesis â€Å"There will be no significant difference between Only children and First born on the Laissez faire leadership style† was formulated. 2.2.1 ii Only children and Last Born Only children according to Adler will occupy a unique position as they don’t have another sibling to compete with. The only child generally becomes the focus of attention to the family (Havighurst, 1960; Leman, 1998 Cited in Klas, 2002).They lead their life with dependence and self-centeredness. They gain their family’s attention throughout their childhood. Later on in life there is this awakening where they are no longer the focus of attention anymore. They never had to compete with others. They usually have difficulty interacting with their peers (Hjelli et al., 1992). Only children do not have the habit of sharing their things with others this by default comes across as being selfish (Leman 1988, cited in Klas, 2002). The Last born children are considered the most outgoing and secure one in the family. They are generally the least academic ones (Herra, 2003 cited in Collins, 2006). They are looked as the least capable one when compared to their siblings. They are also looked as having less experience in comparison to the other siblings in the family. These children may become discouraged as they are not able to fulfil the expectations set by their older siblings and hence they are considered as failures. These children possess strengths such as caring, outgoing, thoughtful and empathizing which are certain personal skills that the other siblings tend not to possess (Snow et al, 1981 cited in Collins, 2006). Transformational Leadership Style In Transformational leadership however, the leader fails to understand followers motives and needs. The focus shifts from the need of the leader to the followers needs. By gaining an understanding of their followers needs, the transformational leader can potentially convert followers into leaders (Chandan et al, 2014). Hence, the hypothesis â€Å" Only children will be higher on Transformational Leadership style as compared to Last Born† was formulated. Transactional Leadership Style According to this theory there is an exchange of rewards between the leaders and the followers. Transactional leaders try to motivate their followers through extrinsic rewards. The roots of Transactional leadership theory is grounded in the social learning and social exchange theories, which recognize the equal nature of leadership. Bass and Avolio described contingent reward as that when the leader will give the subordinate once they have achieved goals that were agreed to. Contingent reward is therefore the exchange of rewards for meeting agreed-on objectives. Transactional leaders can also act by relying on active management by exception which occurs when the leader monitors followers to ensure mistakes are not made. In passive management by exception, the leader interferes only when things go wrong (Chandan et al, 2014). Only children are more autonomous when it comes to personal control. Only children prefer being around things than people. This has been seen from an early age where they play with toys rather than mixing with others. When the other person who the only child interacts with does not understand what he/she is trying to say they often get frustrated (Isaacson, 2004 cited in Murphy 2012). Last born generally have a drive for passion in their live. They strive for different type of success most often to a new innovate way something in which they can excel in and not the same field as their siblings. They are attracted by new ideas and innovations. They haven’t had much of the valuable experiences at home instead they are seen more sociable as they have opportunities outside their homes to develop these social skills (Snow et al, 1981 cited in Collins, 2006). According to the above literature review it can be seen that only children prefer working on their own. They do not like when others do not understand them They prefer things over people. The transactional leadership style is where the leader has a reciprocal relationship with the follower. They motivate their followers by giving rewards. Hence, the hypothesis â€Å" Only children will be significantly lower on Transactional Leadership style as compared to Last borns† was formulated Laissez faire Leadership style These leaders allow the group complete freedom in decision making. They never took part in any discussion of any kind. They dint not participate in working towards a goal as well. There were no appraisals also given to their followers. Hence, as it can be seen by the above literature review that the last born children are more sociable and they have innovate ideas which they excel in and especially good social skills. It can be seen since the last born children would be able to express their needs and give the rewards to their followers as compared to the only children. The hypothesis that â€Å" Last born will be higher on Laissez faire leadership style as compared to only born† was formulated. 2.2.1 iii First Born and Last Born First Born generally behave in a more mature way as they have interacted with adults mostly. They are hence expected to assume responsibilities. They resent having to serve as the models for their younger siblings. They also have to take care and look after their younger siblings. They generally conform to the wishes of the group they belong to. They generally give in to the wishes and are suggestible as they have always conformed to their parent’s wishes most often. They have been overprotected and hence there could be a lack of aggressive behaviour. The generally develop leadership abilities and this happens as since they were small they had to assume responsibilities at the house. They are often seen as bossy to others. They are usually really high achievers and sometimes even overachievers and this is due to the parental expectations that make them perform as they need the parent’s approval for almost everything. They feel replaced by the other sibling and therefore try and achieve a lot of things to gain the approval of their parents. They are unhappy and this stems as they feel really insecure after the other younger sibling has come into their lives (Hurlock, 1981).First born and last born generally occupy different positions in their family. First born constantly keep rankly themselves in relationship to the other people present around them. They generally tend to be more conscientious, intellectual, and socially dominant than later born. On the other hand, later born children are more agreeable, socially gregarious, and non-conforming. First born were always used to the attention given by their parents until the sibling was born, this led to feeling of dethronement and they became more dominant. Later born on the other hand were more agreeable and less conscientious as compared to First born (Sulloway, 2001 cited in Roach, 2006). Last born tend to be wilful. They are spoilt by the family and pampered. There wasn’t much discipline given to them and the parents were not that strict. They had greater feelings of security as there was no displacement for them. They are protected by their parents when the older sibling verbal or physically attack them. This is why they are more dependent and in turn they are irresponsible. They generally underachieve as they do not have much parental demands. They have extremely good social relationships outside the house. They tend to be popular but not good leaders due to their lack of responsibilities. They tend to be happy due to the attention they have received (Hurlock, 1981). Transformational Leadership style They are those people that encourage and motivate the followers to achieve the goals. A transformational leader mostly needs to make decisions quickly. They take each opportunity that is presented to them. These leaders are very persistent. They have a vision and are passionate about it. They possess values such as conviction and a good character. These leaders are caring and they respect other individuals. These leaders are competent as well. These leaders tend to see that their vision is achieved in the organization. They see that there is a change brought about in their subordinates. They are innovative. They tend to integrate the creative insight and intuition within themselves. These leaders focus on the other aspects looking towards the future and not just the current situation they are faced with (Bhargava, 2003). According to the above literature review it can be seen that the first born are more responsible as they have grown up with adults. The last born tend not to take up responsibility and they tend not to be good leaders. This helped in concluded and formulating the hypothesis that â€Å" First born will be higher on Transformational Leadership style as compared to Last born†. Transactional Leadership style Transactional leadership style mainly focuses this attention on the role and task and how this is related to the performance. The transactional leadership theory states emphasize on the relationships that are formed between the leader and follower on account of various exchanges (Burns, 1978 cited in Wheatley, 2010). In 1978, according to Hollander he theorised this leadership as to have various dynamic processes. These were mainly in relation with the leader and follower and the interpersonal interactions among the two. These leaders were responsible to give clear instructions. They would reciprocate with the follower and respond to them appropriately. This in turn increased the leader’s influence on them (Hollander, 1978 cited in Wheatley, 2010). These leaders rewarded and gave the followers acknowledgement when the expectations or the goals were met. These leaders mainly negotiate and their roles and responsibilities and there is mutual respect and influence. According to H eifetz in 1994, these leaders influence their followers and they are also under the followers as it is a reciprocal relationship. According to Burns 2003, leaders who are involved in both the simple and complex situations and they try to achieve the organizational goals (Wheatley, 2010). Last borns are considered as saviours of their family as they give more emphasize to the accomplishments and achievements of their older siblings and this gives them a sense of position of esteem and significance (Stewart et al, 2001). They tend to lack in maturity as they have been pampered by their mothers more often. Since they are given more attention by their mother their extraverted ego is being fed and this is a reason they are considered to be more creative (Nakao et al, 2000 cited in Collins, 2006). According to the transactional approach there exists and active relationship among the leader and follower where they are seen to influence one and another. The leader generally gives rewards to the follower and tries not to use authoritative measures (Wheatley, 2010). Younger siblings are described as being co-operative and outgoing. Investigations have also confirmed that middle born and last born are socially adept as compared to the older siblings (Coleston, 2008). According to the above literature review it was seen that the last born are seen more co-operative as compared to the older sibling who is more authoritative. Hence, the hypothesis that â€Å" Last born will be higher on Transactional Leadership style than First born† was formulated. Laissez Faire Leadership style The laissez faire leadership style is extremely the opposite of the other two leadership styles that are active. This is mostly linked to negative outcomes where there is low motivation seen by the leaders (Wheatley, 2010). There is an absence of any kind of Transaction (Wheatley, 2010).They are very passive leaders (Yammarino Bass, 1990; Yammarino, Spangler Bass, 1993, in Hartog et al 1997). These leaders generally avoid the decision making of the team. They also avoid supervising and taking up this responsibility. First-born when compared to last born children and middle children found that they are more socially adept than the rest. It was seen that the first born and only children had similar traits. They tended to be more self-confident, conscientious, responsible and less empathetic. The younger siblings were seen as rebellious and risk takers (Coleston, 2008). The first born children help to mentor their younger siblings. They tend to be good caretakers. The parents give more attention to the first born as compared to the last born. The last born generally don’t take up responsibilities as the older sibling most often does that for them ( Kluger, 2011 cited in Murphy, 2012) According to the above literature review it can be first born will be more confident and responsible as compared to the last born. The will take up initiative and not rebel as compared to the last born. The laissez faire leadership is one where there is no supervising or responsibility taken. Hence, the hypothesis â€Å" Last born will be higher on Laissez faire leadership style as compared to first born† was formulated. 2.3. Summary The given chapter included a detailed literature on the variables that are studied. The hypotheses that were formulated were based on the reviewed literature and were hence inferred.

Who Was Benjamin Franklin Religion Essay

Who Was Benjamin Franklin Religion Essay Benjamin Franklins ideas on God and human nature were significantly different from the puritan norm at the time.   While Franklin saw God as a good and wise creator, the puritans feared Him as an almighty being.   The puritans saw human nature as the ultimate conduit for sin, while Franklin believed that humans as products of God were good at heart.   Franklin believed in a God discrete from both mans activity on earth and the puritan ideal of who He was, and in humans not as slaves to sin and redemption, but as masters of their own destiny. Puritanism was a very widely held belief system in the early colonies. A direct descendant of Calvinism, Puritanism had strong roots among a vast number of the colonists throughout early American settlements. As a sect of Christianity, they believed in the bible as the word of God, and Jesus as Gods son. It was common for puritans of the time to fear God and look at all misfortune that befell them as punishment for their sins. And as it struck my hand, so it struck my heart; for I suddenly rose up and went into a wood; and there I cried bitterly, and now concluded that God, God had found me out. (Dane, 4) The puritan God can almost be seen as a tyrannical leader; one who strikes fear into the hearts of His subjects, yet demands their love and respect. Franklins semi-present creator-God was distinctly different from that of the punishing overseer of the puritans. Franklin was one of few deists at the time. It is said that had he published his deism tract thirty years earlier, he would have risked imprisonment and execution in the British Empire. The norms of the time, the puritans, were an overwhelming majority. The puritan God was always there, always watching over his creations. As John Dane repeated from his mother, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Go where you will, God he will find you out. (Dane, 2) The puritans spent their lives with the ever present notion of Gods wrath hanging over their shoulders. Franklins God was not the same entity. He was the creator, and that to Franklin was as far as His relationship with man went. God did not inspire man to write the books of the bible, nor did he send His Son to die on a cross for mans sin. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦after doubting by turns of several pointsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I began to doubt of Revelation itself . (Franklin, 5) Franklins God gave man life and free will, and then gave him the reigns to control his own destiny. The puritan conception of human nature was based on the idea of original sin. Original sin is a term used to describe the bibles story of Adam and Eve eating the fruit from the tree of good and evil under temptation of Satan. Puritans believed that because of this original sin, humans are all inherently corrupt and impure of mind; because man is born into sin, it is impossible for him to escape it. Your best duties are tainted, poisoned, and mingled with some sin, and therefore are most odious in the eyes of a holy God. (Wigglesworth, 4) In the eyes of the church, the only redeeming quality of human nature was that they themselves were made by God. They were obedient to God and His word because they were afraid of his punishment. The only hope the puritans had in life was that they might be chosen in Gods eyes as worthy of redemption. Franklin saw the nature of humans in a very different light. While he did look to God for wisdom and insight, he believed that man could be good without God. He came to this conclusion not with religion, but with intellect and logic. He created a list of thirteen virtues that he believed could bring a man to moral perfection. These too were not created with any particular religious sect in mind, but rather with the idea that all people could better themselves through them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that vicious actions are not hurtful because they are forbidden, but forbidden because they are hurtful, the nature of man alone consideredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Franklin, 15) He believed that evil or morally wrong actions were wrong, not because God said so, but because they were hurtful to humanity. Human nature by itself was not corrupt, and it was possible for a man to be truly good. Franklins beliefs on human nature were different in many ways than that of the puritans. While the puritans saw man as essentially evil from conception, Franklin saw man as able to create his own destiny. While both parties believed in God as being important to the life of men, Franklin saw his importance as more of a guide, and less as a strict path like that of the puritans. The Puritans had only one way to achieve completion in life; to earn Gods redemption. Franklin believed that as man tried to be a better person, he was achieving his destiny in life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦tho I never arrived at the perfection I had been so ambitious of obtainingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I was, by the endeavor, a better and happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not attempted ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Franklin, 14) The puritans did not believe this was the case, as good works to them meant nothing if God did not give favor. Your good duties cannot save you, yet your bad works will damn you. (Wiggleswort h, 4) The separate parties idea of human nature was directly affected by their respective ideas of God. The puritans believed in a God that was almighty and all encompassing. They thought of themselves as unworthy beasts without purpose, and only with the favor of God did they have any chance of happiness on this earth or after it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦everyone sinned in Adam and everyone deserves eternal deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Wigglesworth, 4) Franklin saw a God that was less involved in the lives of men. He put much more emphasis on the worth of a persons works and endeavors, and less on whether or not this person had been chosen by God. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there was in [my scheme] no mark of any of the distinguishing tenants of any particular sect. I had purposely avoided themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that it might be serviceable to people of all religionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Franklin, 15) Both groups ideals were founded in belief, and were distinctly different because of the differences in the belief of each re spective God. As much as the puritan ideals were similar to that of the deist Benjamin Franklin, the differences of each faith is what defines them. Franklin believed in a God based in logic, while the puritans God was founded in faith and tradition. From this belief in separate Gods, separate belief in human nature arose; the puritans believing in Human nature as evil and Franklin believing in it as independent and just. Franklin found that the path to righteousness could be obtained through good works that bettered humanity; while the puritans believed that only strict adherence to the guidelines set forth by God could bring salvation. Each point of view has its own foundations and each gives historians a different yet equally relevant perspective on life in the early American colonies.

electric cars speech -- essays research papers

Just about everyone wants a car but no one Wants to pay for gas well now thanks to technology we don’t have to yes thanks to the discovery of the electronic car people can travel solely on the power of electricity but most people say that Unless some new type of battery is invented these electronic Car are nothing more than a dream but these are far more than a dream and very much so a part of reality But what does the future hold for these cars Well electricity is already a large part of our lives so to start using electricity powered cars would not be so much of a change from our normal routine as people may seem to think And they’re already many people using these electrical cars one man mentioned That he uses The Corbin Sparrow (a single person electric vehicle) As his primary commute vehicle he has a 50mi. Total commute To and from work mostly freeway so not that much stop and go traffic but once he gets to work his batteries drained about 50 percent but because the car does not require a special charging stations he can plug it into any standard three prong outlet So he pluges his car and at work and returns home on a 100 percent charge Saving gas and money every day allowing his car to pay for itself but Basically, here's what the Sparrow offers: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seats 1 person, and ample space for laptop, papers and small grocery run. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 lead acid batteries, different in detail from conventional automotive batteries, but not fundamentally so. The batteries provide for a very low center of gravity. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fiberglass body for keeping the weight down while increasing the energy efficiency considerably. I'm averaging .16KwH/mile or thereabouts for my typical commute. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  110v charging that takes about 8 hours. However, in my typical usage, I get to 80+% in less than 2 hours, and recharging stations are nearly *everywhere* however an extension cord can be helpful †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and a top speed of about 80mph now this may be good for the average driver or maybe-trips back and forth to and from work but what would you do for a long drive with no time in between to recharge this car This car would definitely not be the car for the job of but thats where our next car, comes in 25 February 2000 -- DaimlerChrysler's engineers might have mis... ...he same period. I found the RAV4-EV a thoroughly enjoyable driving experience the brief time I was behind the wheel. It handles well, accelerating as briskly as a 4 cylinder IC-engine version. It's quiet inside, though the low rolling-resistance tires are a bit noisy. It certainly brakes well as I learned when an inattentive driver tried to pull out in front us during our test drive around Disney World. The RAV4-EV will make an ideal intra-city commuter for many motorists. Since the average American workplace commute is under 50 miles round trip, the RAV4-EV can get you there and back again with style and comfort. Toyota's Armstock made an interesting comment near the end of our test drive. When asked when we can expect to see the RAV4-EV go on sale to consumers, he remarked that the technology is advancing so rapidly that he expects the current model to be as obsolete in thee years as a pesonal computer with an Intel 286 micro-processor is today. That's an exciting prospect, considering how well integrated the RAV4-EV is even now. Regardless of the pace of technological change, this is one nicely done SUV, one that makes a lot of sense right now, especially now. END STORY

Free Richard III Essays: The Power of Seduction :: Richard II Richard III Essays

Richard III: The Power of Seduction The word "seduce" according to Webster's Dictionary means to "tempt and draw away from proper conduct." This is exactly what Richard, Duke of Gloucester/King Richard III accomplishes in Richard III. In Richard's life he does not only move from deformed "hedgehog" to husband, but from "beast" to King. One may ask how such deeds were performed. However, a second look may make the deeds look simple. Richard demonstrated a strong power of seduction throughout the play that not only seduced Lady Anne, but many others. Richard's first conquest by seduction was Lady Anne. In the passage where Anne accused Gloucter of being the cause of her husband's death (I.ii.120-21), Gloucter replies not denying that he was the agent that caused the death. However, he follows by saying to Anne, "Your beauty was the cause of that effect" (I.ii.121). He continues using the excuse that her beauty caused everything. Finally, he actually admits that he killed Anne's husband, but in the same breath he says she caused it. "I did kill King Henry--/[b]ut 'twas thy beauty that provoked me" (I.ii.179-80). This seemingly sick and twisted style of persuasion works in seducing the spitting Lady Anne into becoming his wife. Obviously, by Anne taking the same hand in marriage that killed her former husband; one can see that she was "drawn away from proper conduct." Rhe citizens were also seduced by Richard. However, in Act III.vii. his wits alone did not work the persuasion. He had help from the Bishops, props and Buchingham. The Mayor exclaims to the citizens,"See where his Grace stands, 'tween two clergymen!" (III.vii.95). This is all part of Richard's goodly act. He wants to win the people by being a noble and good man. He wants them to believe that he is not only a moral man, but a modest one. Buchingham proceeds in supporting Richard in this attempt. Buchingham observes Richard and states to the people: Two props of virtue for a Christian prince, To stay him from the fall o vanity; And see, a book of prayer in his hands- True ornaments to know a holy man. (III.vii.96-99). Richard sways the citizens much differently than he persuaded Anne. He persuaded Anne by reminding her that his fault was caused by her beauty. One may say he was playing with her emotions.

Conflict in Macbeth

Conflict is the clash of opposing forces, and without conflict there is no drama, and the story would be less interesting. There are many important conflicts in Macbeth, like the conflict between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, the conflict between the good which is represented by Macduff and the evil which is represented by Macbeth, and Macbeth vs. himself, his inner struggle, and all of those conflicts will lead to Macbeth’s down fall. The relationship between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth may seem like a health one at the beginning, but we quickly learned that there is a conflict between the two. Macbeth was not sure about murdering Duncan, but Lady Macbeth convinced him to murder him by saying â€Å"was the hope drunk wherein you dress’d yourself? Hath it slept since? And wakes it now, to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this time such I account thy love. Art thou afeard to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou in desire? Wouldst thou have that which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem, letting â€Å"I dare not â€Å"wait upon â€Å"I would,† like the poor cat in the adage† (1, 7, 38- 48) She tries to convince him by calling him a coward and unmanly. Macbeth is convinced enough to murder Duncan which then caused more death and eventually his own down fall. Another conflict in the book is the conflict between Macduff and Macbeth. They don’t really have a problem with each other at the beginning, but things changed when Macduff Fled to England. Macbeth then decided to murder Macduff’s wife and son. After Macduff got the news that his wife and son are murdered by Macbeth he said â€Å"O, I could play the woman with mine eyes, and braggart with my tongue! But , gentle heavens, cut short all intermission; front to front, bring thou this fiend of Scotland and myself; within my sword’s length set him; if he ‘scape, heaven forgive him too. † (4, 3, 267- 274) Macduff is saying that he will get revenge on Macbeth, this eventually led to Macbeth’s down fall because Macduff is the only one that can kill him. Another conflict in the book is Macbeth’s inner struggle. He struggles at making tough decisions like whether to kill Duncan or not. He knew the pros and cons for murdering Duncan and In act 1 scene 7 line 1 to 28 he said â€Å"if it were done, when ‘tis done, the ‘twere well it were done quickly: if the assassination could trammel up the consequence, and catch, with his surcease, success; that but this blow might be the be-all and the end-all here, but here, upon this bank and shoal of time, we’d jump the life to come. But in these cases, we still have judgment here: that we but teach bloody instructions, which being taught return to plague the inventor. † (1, 7, 1-28) this quote reveals that he is afraid that the deed will eventually come back to haunt him, it suggests the Macbeth is aware of how the murder would lead him to darkness, and he admits that his only reason for committing murder is ambition. With the influence of Lady Macbeth, he decided to murder Duncan and by the end of the book, we knew that he made the wrong choice.

Monsanto — Appointing, Legislating, and Lobbying Its Way to the Top

Interest groups are defined as an â€Å"organized group of people that makes policy-related appeals† and they can have a profound effect on our government and society (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 419). These groups represent their interests in the political arena in a variety of ways; they can get government officials appointed to government positions, lobby government officials, and fund media to advertise their message to mobilize public opinion and sway voters. Businesses interest groups in particular utilize these strategies, because there is an economic incentive in passing favorable laws and conveying a good image to government and the public. One business interest currently benefiting from their interaction with the Obama administration is Monsanto. Monsanto is a billion dollar company responsible for genetically modified seeds, the chemical Roundup and its associated Roundup ready crops, the toxic chemical substance Agent Orange, bovine growth hormones (rBGH), and the synthetic sugar substitute known as aspartame—to name a few. As a business interest group, it has been a terrific success in using government to push its agenda, much to the dismay of environmental activists, scientists, and concerned citizens who want their government to regulate businesses and protect the public. This paper will examine how business interest groups like Monsanto have been able to further their agenda under the Obama administration through the appointment of employees to federal positions, lobbying, and use of media to mobilize public opinion. ) Appointment to Federal positions The appointment of employees in business to positions in government is a common occurrence today and is often referred to as â€Å"The Revolving Door†. This is the shuffling in and out of government and private sector jobs, and it is bad because it leaves these government officials with biases and the high chance of being favorable to their former employer. In the Obama administration, there are currently many revolvers from private industry (â €Å"Revolving Door†). One current revolver from Monsanto who is now making policy decisions regarding our food safety is Michael Taylor. Michael Taylor was named deputy commissioner for foods at the Food and Drug Administration in January 2010 and is a former Vice President of Monsanto’s Public Policy(â€Å"Meet Michael R. Taylor, J. D. , Deputy Commissioner for Foods and Veterinary Medicine†). This obviously creates a bias when making decisions about policies regarding products manufactured by Monsanto, such as genetically modified foods or the bovine growth hormones used in milk. When Monsanto employees like Michael Taylor get into these agencies, they are usually favorable to their former employer Monsanto when making decisions. They also ensure direct access for lobbyists to the agencies they are in control of; â€Å"many of Washington’s top lobbyists have close ties to important members of congress or were themselves important political figures, thus virtually guaranteeing that clients will have direct access to government officials† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 414). Taylor is a former lobbyist and current government official who now gives Monsanto full access into the decision making of many of American’s decisions about food. Unfortunately, he is just one in a litany of government officials who have vested interests in the private sector while still being allowed to make decisions affecting the health and safety of the American public. By getting employees into federal positions, businesses increase their chances of creating a strong iron triangle system that supports their interest group. The iron triangle is a â€Å"stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 418). This iron triangle system is powerful in creating favorable legislation and regulation for Monsanto; their good working relationship with legislative committees and executive agencies allows them to support their agenda and further their business by directly shaping policy outcomes. 2) Lobbying members of congress Lobbying is a critical part of how interest groups represent their agenda in government and seek passage of favorable legislation. A lobbyist’s goal is to influence policy in a certain direction by â€Å"mobilizing individual citizens to contact legislators (grassroots lobbying), testifying at hearings, submitting written comments to an agency or committee, press releases, and other activities† (Hasen 217). Lobbyists also take full of advantage of their direct access and â€Å"personal contact with legislators and taff members† to influence policy decisions (Hasen 217). Monsanto is incredibly adept in all these areas, and was the top lobbying client in the agribusiness sector with $8,831,120 spent in 2008 and $5,970,000 in expenditures in 2012 (â€Å"Annual Lobbying on Agricultural Services†). Business interest groups often lobby congress and the executive branch to promote their agendas and enact favorable laws and regulations. They do this by gaining dir ect access to members of Congress and federal agencies and making their interests heard. This is even encouraged by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) that â€Å"requires most federal agencies to provide notice and an opportunity for comment before implementing proposed new rules and legislation† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 434). This allows businesses like Monsanto to meet with agencies like the USDA, FDA, and EPA to weigh in on issues that affect them, such as the merits and safety of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s), discouraging labeling of GMOS’s, or enforcement rules on chemicals and pesticides. Research shows that business interest groups have gained legislative success through directly influencing the bureaucracy. According to research, the â€Å"significant trait in interest group influence is the privileged, institutionalized integration of some groups into public decision making† (Binderkrantz 177-78). Because of Monsanto’s high level of activity with government agencies and their ability to get access and lobby officials directly, their opinion is often integrated into public policy. Another way Monsanto lobbyists gain influence is through the information they have to offer the government. Research says â€Å"the most important factor governing the influence of a group was the ability of a group to provide lawmakers with both technical and political information† (Smith 235). Monsanto provides busy government officials with information about the issues that conveys authority and touts research backing, making policy decisions easier for a government official who may know nothing about the subject otherwise. In fact, many politicians say lobbyists are an essential part of government; in response to a 1978 bill expanding lobbying disclosures, Senators Edward Kennedy, Dick Clark, and Robert Stafford issued the statement that â€Å"Government without lobbying could not function. The flow of information to Congress and to every other federal agency is a vital part of our democratic system† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 431). This quote exemplifies how politicians rely on lobbyists as an essential source of information regarding policy issues. Lobbyist’s role as conduits of this information to government is crucial because they are in complete control of how information is presented—and thus how their agenda is received. One recent piece of legislation that Monsanto benefited from because of the information their ability to directly access lawmakers was House Resolution 933, an emergency spending bill passed to fund government operations through September and avert a government shutdown. The bill, signed by President Obama on March 26th 20013, will continue to protect this multi-billion dollar corporation from legal ramifications of the safety of its products. The budget bill, now dubbed the â€Å"Monsanto Protection Act†, inserted an unrelated provision that grants Monsanto against legal injunction for the next year and the ability to continue planting seeds and harvesting crops even if there are problems found with genetically modified organisms. Because they were trying to rush this bill through to avoid government shutdown, these shady provisions were able to sneak through. The Missouri Senator who added in the bill, Roy Blunt, admits he worked with Monsanto in creating the details of this legislature (â€Å"New Law Spurs Controversy, Debate Over Genetically Modified Crops†). This piece of protective legislation shows how corporations can use their direct access to government officials to alter policy changes. Because of this advantage of access and authority, business interest groups like Monsanto are extremely successful in transforming their agenda into public policy. Overall, research does indicate that there is a bias towards businesses. When comparing comments from business to nonbusiness commenters in federal agency hearings, there was a clear winner in policy outcomes. Agencies are more likely to be persuaded by lobbyists for business interests because of â€Å"the number of comments coming from business interests† and the fact that the â€Å"comments from business-related interests provide more information and signal a greater level of commenter expertise, causing agencies to respond to the requests made†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Webb 128). This research shows business interest groups have the advantage both in the amount of input, and the sense of credibility the information has coming from a large industry. Monsanto educates these government officials through their company’s own agenda and thus often succeeds in getting the policies it wants passed. This bias towards businesses undercuts the effectiveness of pluralism. Pluralism is the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government, with the outcome of this competition being compromise and moderation. The idea is that people will belong to interest groups that affect them and let their voices be heard by government, so that their needs can be met. Unfortunately, business interest groups often have a much greater voice than other interest groups through their existing ties to government via federal appointments and because of their financial power to fund lobbyists. Because they have a greater presence, the corporation’s needs are met while the needs of the public become secondary. While â€Å"interest group pluralism presumes that public policy outcomes are determined principally through a contest for influence among organized pressure groups†, we can see that it isn’t a very fair contest when Monsanto’s lobbyists have millions more dollars to spend. Stephenson and Jackson 7) It is clear that there is a negative implication of lobbying when legislation begins to favor elite interests rather than the public good. Because business interest groups are able to influence government in a disproportionately higher rate than citizens, â€Å"legislative outputs no longer reflect the outcome of reasoned deba te, promoting the common good, or the preferences of the median voters. Instead, public policy reflects the preferences of lobbyists’ clients† (Hasen 219). 4. Mobilizing Public Opinion Through Media Monsanto, like other interest groups, often uses media to further its cause. It can be used to rally support for the products it makes or it can be used to oppose policies that could affect the company negatively. Because it is a multi-billion dollar company, it is able to spend an inordinate amount to advertise their agenda and gain public favor more easily than companies that are not as well off financially. Research shows the effectiveness of an interest group’s use of media is correlated to its money and size: â€Å"the best predictor of an interest group's ability to use the mass media as a political tool is the level of organizational resources (money, members, staff, etc. it enjoys† (Thrall 417). This shows that the advertising messages the public receives is determined by who has the most money to market themselves, and companies like Monsanto are obviously a dominant influence due to their resources. A recent example of Monsanto’s use of the media to further its agenda was the attempt at labeling genetically modified organisms (G MO’s) that failed because of Monsanto’s supreme ability to mobilize public opinion. The California Proposition 37 added to the ballot in 2012 was an initiative to label foods that contain genetically modified organisms. Even with mounting concerns about public safety, Monsanto was able to control this issue through media and advertising and ensure that California voters would not let the proposition pass. They were successful because large companies were able to out fund non-profits and other groups who donated a fraction of Monsanto’s budget. Because of their resources and ability to advertise, Monsanto and other agribusinesses were able to easily sway voters with their carefully crafted ad campaigns. By paying to run millions of dollars on ads that threatened rising food costs if food labeling was required, they swayed many Americans worried about tough economic times. Their use of the media convinced citizens that labeling genetically modified foods was against their self-interests financially, and this threat prevented many people from voting the proposition through. It was a big comment on the state of consumer affairs in the country that a simple labeling law could not be passed; though the administration could follow many other countries leads and mandate GMO labeling, Monsanto is left deciding the fate of food with its money, power, and influence. 4) Conclusion: reaffirms your thesis statement, discusses the issues, and reaches a final judgment: your conclusion based on your research and your reasoning. Business interest groups are a powerful force in the decision making process of our country and will continue to exert force over policy as long as they have resources and access. To make their interests known and accepted, they utilize the attainment of federal positions, lobbying, litigation, and funding of media. To get their agenda expressed through the government, they use federal appointments in a process called the â€Å"Revolving Door†. This leads to biased decision making throughout branches of the government that can negatively affect policy outcomes for the public. If this continues, citizens will become alienated and distrusting of the federal government which seems to be only serving the elite interests of corporations. Lobbying is another way that citizens are rightly beginning to lose trust in the system. While in theory all interest groups are supposed to be able to lobby the government, only those interests with large amounts of money, access, and connections will have a good chance at having their interests be heard. Though there are regulations on how much lobbyists can spend and laws requiring them to register, it is still clear that lobbyists for billion dollar corporations are experiencing a higher level of success than public interest groups with little funding. This shows that in government, those with the most money and access will prevail. Unfortunately when â€Å"businesses and trade associations make up more than half of the Washington lobbying community†, it is unlikely citizens will fare as well as corporations (Baumgartner 1194). This has major implications when research shows that â€Å"some special interest lobbies frequently influence legislation and regulation in ways that†¦are detrimental to the public good† (Baker 53). Regulations made from information presented by lobbyists doesn’t serve the public good—it serves Monsanto’s. The use of the media is another area in which Monsanto has dominated its competition. It was the highest contributor in advertising against Proposition 37, and the over seven million dollars poured into the cause was effective in squashing the issue of labeling genetically modified food. When a group like Monsanto is able to pour that amount of funds into mobilizing public opinion, they have complete control over the issue and how they want it to be seen and voted on by the American public. With enough money they were able to assuage concerns over the safety of genetically modified foods and managed to convince people it would actually go against their own self interests in terms of cost. The elite team of advertisers Monsanto has the funds to hire enables them to spin their issues in any way they need to in order to gain both governmental and public support for their agenda. By gaining support they can ensure individuals vote to Monsanto’s benefit and don’t actively oppose the company, leaving their profit motive as the single determiner of important public policy.

Albert Einstein as Father of Modern Physics and Isaac Newton as Father of Classical Physics Essay

Newton was known as a natural philosopher during his life but his theories of motion, gravity, light, etc formed the cornerstone of what would become known as physics. He probably contributed more to the science than any single person before or after him. Newton’s 1687 publication of the Principia is considered to be among the most influential books in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Albert Einstein (Father of Modern Physics) Albert Einstein was one of a group of physicists in the early part of the 20th century who started to form new and more complex theories that extended the work of Newton to new situations. Einstein’s most famous work on relativity extended the work of Newton to include very high velocities (approaching the speed of light) and the effect of mass on space. Einstein was not alone in extending the boundaries of physics at this time, a good claim could probably be made for a number of contributors to quantum mechanics who lived at the same time to share the title of â€Å"Father of modern Physics† but Einstein has for a number of reasons, not least the quality and complexity of his work gained the title â€Å"Father of Modern Physics† at least in the popular media. Albert Einstein’s many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the founding of relativistic cosmology, the first post-Newtonian expansion, explaining the perihelion advance of Mercury, prediction of the deflection of light by gravity and gravitational lensing, the first fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian movement of molecules, the photon theory and wave-particle duality, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, the zero-point energy concept, the semi-classical version of the Schrodinger equation, and the quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted Bose–Einstein condensation.

Dexter vs. Breaking Bad

The American Dream: Dexter vs. Breaking Bad The concept of the American Dream has been around us since the foundation of America and is largely what forms it. This ideal embraces fundamental freedoms that are endowed to each person. It strives for freedom, opportunity, and entrepreneurship for all people. Two television series that incorporate this principle are Dexter and Breaking Bad. Dexter focuses on a blood splatter analyst named Dexter who works to find clues/evidence in crime scenes by day, and secretly is a vigilante serial killer by night.Breaking Bad encompasses a chemistry teacher named Walter White who finds out that he has contracted lung cancer and must find a way to pay for his medical bills. Given his expertise with chemical properties, he decides to cook and sell the illegal and hazardous drug, methamphetamine. Both television shows Breaking Bad and Dexter criticize and portray ideals of the American Dream in their sophisticated plots and character portrayals. A larg e aspect of the American Dream is to ‘dream big. With both series, this concept is definitely represented well.In both circumstances, the protagonists in each show must cover p their devious ways to fit in and not be noticed by their surroundings. Walter does this by confining himself to his meth lab when he gets the free time in order to cook with his partner in crime, Jesse Pinkman. Dexter has to mask his acts of murder as well during his nighttime raids where he stalks his next malevolent victim. The average person Just looking at Dexter and Walter from a general standpoint would not have a clue as to what their side Jobs are.It is for this reason that the two shows do such worthy Jobs of depicting the characters as underdogs with lifestyles that would go unseen by most individuals. The family life and its significance is another key component to look at in both of the series. The concept of a strong family is a vital part of the American Dream. Both Dexter and Walter must support their families' needs and remain in good standing as fathers of their house. In both shows, the chemistry between the families lack greatly and thus successfully criticize that part of the American Dream.Walter must provide for his family while enduring the unfortunate hardship of his progressing lung cancer. Although he does end up providing enough money, Skylar, his wife, demands a divorce due to his chronic lying bout his whereabouts and his ignorance to his other fatherly demands – socializing with his family and being an exceptional role model. Dexter criticizes the notion of a structured and united family life. This original characteristic usually consisted of a happily married husband and wife that were raising a few children in a white picket fenced house.This stereotype is definitely combated in Dexter. Although Dexter does have a toddler son named Harrison whom he loves dearly and relates himself with his beginning, Dexter also has relations with numerous wo men throughout the series. Just a few women he does hook up with are Lila West, Rita Bennett, and Hannah McKay. America has its dark side. It is very apparent to the viewer that both shows do a superb Job at displaying this unfortunate reality.By doing so, the shows simultaneously mock the stereotypical characteristic of the American Dream ideal that the struggles and In Breaking Bad, there are numerous events that take place that embody this notion, such as the drug cartels that are largely organized under the main distributor, Gustavo Fring. There are many murders that occur as well, such as when Gale Boetticher (another meth. ab partner with Walter) is shot and killed by Jesse Pinkman due to Pinkman fearing that Gale would replace him as a partner of Walter, which would be a large financial disadvantage for Pinkman.It is no surprise that Dexter provides an abundant share of violence as well. Being centered on a serial killer, what would one expect? Dexter often makes his victims suffer the punishment that he believes they deserve. A prime example of this is when he hunts down and manages to abduct the infamous ‘bathtub killer' Arthur Mitchell. Dexter chats with Arthur about their beliefs of life and ridicules Arthur for killing innocent victims. Finally, Dexter bludgeons Arthur to death with the back of a hammer to end the scene on a sadistic, yet satisfying note.The method in which Walter gains his money is a superb example of another criticism of the American Dream ideal. The labor-intensive factory working environment was the original norm of how many Americans in the mid '50s found themselves in. Walter shatters this stereotype with his frequent seven-fgure drug deals with various clients. Not only does Walter live out this get- rich-quick mentality, but several others, such as Jesse Pinkman, Gustavo Fring, and Gale Boetticher are shown throughout the series to achieve wealth in a similar way – the exchanging of illegal drugs.Although the A merican Dream ideal has evolved over time, it is still largely predominant in todays society. The two television series do wonderful Jobs of portraying and criticizing the American Dream. Some of the major characteristics that they target are the importance of family life, the mentality to ‘dream big, and the reality of the ‘dark side' of America. The relations, portrayals, and criticisms of the American Dream ideal between Dexter and Breaking Bad can be easily deciphered if one Just simply looks for them.

Great Captains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Captains - Essay Example A number of individuals from many walks of life find it quite fascinating to study war strategy over the past several thousand years and how the same strategies have been employed, despite the fact that warfare has changed dramatically overtime. Being that warfare has changed over the past one hundred fifty years, the study of captains, such as Napoleon, Ulysses Grant, and Frederick the Great are still valid for a modern military professional, as it is these three individuals who have contributed largely in shaping our civilization and making it what it is today. One reason that the study of captains, such as Napoleon, Ulysses Grant, and Frederick the Great are still valid for a modern military professional is that a military professional can learn a great deal from these individuals. For instance, from the study of these great individuals, a modern military professional can learn to be an effective leader. The modern military can study the art of war from all three of these great captains and possibly employ some of these strategies in today's modern war fair. Some may challenge that learning the strategies of these captains is useless for a modern military professional, since war fair has changed so much since these men were alive. Those supporting this argument state that the weapons during the time of these captains were not as sophisticated as they are today, and wars are fought on a much larger scale than in times past. These captains did not deal with the challenges that we do now. Though these arguments are true and valid, the reason s for engaging in war are the same as they were since the beginning of humankind, and because of this, the study of such captains is relevant, as such study helps the future leader in deciding what he should and should not do to see to it that his outcomes are successful. If these three captains have employed a particular strategy that brought them a plethora of success, then there is no problem at all making use of that same strategy today. In regards to this, Paret and Clausewitz state that the purpose of war has always stayed the same, even though we now use more sophisticated weapons. Not to mention, the tactic to attack the enemy with the utmost force, to concentrate on what allows the enemy to resist and do away with it so the enemy can resist no longer and the desire to annihilate the enemy has been the same. Furthermore, the definition of war has also stayed the same, as war is merely a way for us to force the enemy to do our will and see to it that it is carried out (Chapte r One, Book One). Another reason that the study of these great captains is valid for a modern military professional is that a great deal can be learned from their use of intelligence. On the subject of intelligence as it pertains to war, Paret and Clausewitz state that those who are savages normally fight solely motivated by passion. There is no real intelligence on their part, as they are going to do whatever it takes to destroy their enemy. On the other hand, civilized peoples actually take the time out to sit and strategize how they will attack their enemy, defeat them, and successfully conquer them, if conquering is part of the reason that the war is being fought (Chapter One, Book One). These three great captains, no doubt, took the time to intelligently strategize how they would advance upon their enemies. Surely, they did feel some passion of hatred for their enemy, hence the reason they would attack them in the first place, as one would not attack someone they

Employee-employer hiring relates to the concept of negligence Essay

Employee-employer hiring relates to the concept of negligence - Essay Example Therefore, employers who hire temporary employees or elevate them to permanent ones cannot lay succeed in filing claims for negligence on temp agencies that fail to run background checks. In light of this, Robert Half’s failure to disclose Ms Tee Rose’s suspected criminal past does not amount to a breach of duty to run background checks; rather, it is merely an exercise of the duty of care under the contract between itself and Ms Rose. The court’s ruling against Fox Associates was correct because the case did not meet the three-point threshold for recovering the damages arising from negligence. Fox Associates failed to establish that: (a) Robert Half owed it a fiduciary duty, hence would cushioning it against any injury caused by the employee; (b) Robert Half abdicated that duty; c) damages amounting to $76,600 proximately arose from the breach of duty. In the decision against Fox Associates the court may have given prominence to Robert Half’s social utili ty to employers; lack of foreseeability of Ross’ criminal record, since she had not been convicted of any felony; the burden of protection against injury, which in this case rested with the Fox Associates; and the repercussions of imposing the burden on the temp agency, which could force it to close down (Reicher, 2013; Nixon, & Kerr, 2011). The court’s decision was in line with the verdict on Praesel v. Johnson, 967 S.W.2d 391 (Tex. 1998), which directed that a clinician does not owe a duty to third parties such as employment agencies. In Wise v. Complete Staffing Servs., Inc., 56 S.W.3d 900, 902 (Tex. App. Texarkana 2001), the temp agency was conditionally exempted from liability arising from the employee’s misconduct (Reicher, 2013). In light of these precedents, Fox Associates should have done its own background checks on Ms Rose before employing her on permanent basis. Sunbeam is more at fault for its failure to run background checks on the senior-most exec utive prior to his hiring. Unlike the less formal relationship between the executive search agency and the Sunbeam, the employer had a valid employment contract with Mr Dunlop and its assets were more likely to be at risk in the event Mr Dunlop had criminal record (Reicher, 2013; Nixon, & Kerr, 2011). Background checks on executives should be conducted within organizations or through a contracted search consultant upon a formal consent from the potential executive regarding the nature or level of the checks. As Colaprete (2012) has suggested, Ms Ross’ former employers said nothing about the employee’s history and gave her good recommendations, perhaps because they were not a Consumer Reporting Agency tasked with probing her alleged misconduct within their respective organizations. This was strategic in the sense that the omission enabled the employers to avoid the rigorous process and costs associated with the fair treatment of Ross, considering that she had not yet be en convicted. Moreover, with the criminal investigations against Ms Rose still underway, perhaps the employers did not want to be held liable for â€Å"misrepresentation of facts† for pre-empting an on-going judicial process in the event that the outcomes of the investigations rendered the employers’ recommendations derogatory information. If I were one of her former employers, I would mention the foreseeability of Ms Ross engaging in acts of felony, but

Should the government protect American jobs by imposing stiff Essay

Should the government protect American jobs by imposing stiff penalties on companies that transfer jobs offshore by outsourcing or manufacturing in a different country - Essay Example The US companies have also taken advantage of this scenario to tap the resources available outside their geographical boundaries for which the operations of the US companies have been outsourced. The US companies have undertaken cost-benefit analysis and have taken strategic decisions in some cases to establish the productive units for manufacturing outside their own country. This has created shortage of employment opportunities for the people of US as more number of US companies started to create offshore jobs either by outsourcing or through foreign direct investments. This has led the US government to design policies for restoring the decline of American jobs for which huge penalties were imposed on the companies that were engaged in transferring job to the offshore industries either by outsourcing or through investments in the foreign economies. This paper argues the fact that the US government should not protect US jobs by imposing penalties on the US companies that are setting up manufacturing processes or outsourcing jobs to the foreign economies. The severalbenefits due to the activities of the US companies in undertaking the process of outsourcing business operations or engaging in the foreign direct investments and carrying out offshore manufacturing activities have been discussed as follows. The US companies which have either outsourced the business operations or set up manufacturing facilities in the foreign countries have been able to stimulate free exchange of economic resources between the countries in the international trade. This has supported the growth of free market and free trade in the global platform (Kehal and Singh 62). The setting up of manufacturing facilities and outsourcing of business operations has influenced the growth of competition in the foreign economies. This has led to the rise of competition in the international business context. The